
The RES Group (Renewable Energy Systems) is the world's largest independent company, having been in the sector for more than 40 years. As of 2023 , the company had established more than 23 gigawatts of renewable energy projects worldwide and supported more than 12 gigawatts operations. Employing more than 2500 people in 14 countries, it operates onshore and in wind and , in energy storage and in transmission and distrib. [pdf]

is a coastal country located in the in Western Africa, which is a resource rich region. Energy in Benin has a diverse and takes several forms including: solar, wind, hydropower, biomass, fossil resources, and mineral resources. Out of this energy mix, about 60% of energy comes from . Benin is also dependent on energy imports from and . While power plants and other energy facilities were built in the 1950s and 1960s, the la. [pdf]
This section provides information on Benin’s current energy situation with energy demand-and-supply scenarios. According to the International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA), 41% of Benin’s population currently have access to electricity.
Energy in Benin has a diverse energy mix and takes several forms including: solar, wind, hydropower, biomass, fossil resources, and mineral resources. Out of this energy mix, about 60% of energy comes from biomass. Benin is also dependent on energy imports from Ghana and Côte d'Ivoire.
Solar photovoltaic (PV) accounts for 0.30% of the mix by form of energy compared with 1.36% in 2016, as shown in Fig. 3. This shows that the government must make more effort to provide 100% electricity access to its community by 2050 . Electricity mix of Benin from 2016 to 2020 .
With a total surface area of 114 763 km 2, the country is endowed with a high potential for energy resources . However, almost 59% of Benin’s population currently lacks access to electricity and the country is heavily dependent on external energy importation.
Benin has also joined this dynamic by considerably increasing its green energy production efforts in recent years. The country has a huge undeveloped renewable-energy (RE) potential that can contribute considerably to its national energy production capacity. This paper summarizes the current RE situation in Benin and examines its future prospects.
Electricity consumption in the Republic of Benin is highly dependent on external supplies, with 90% of the country's electricity coming from Ghana (Okanla, 2014 , as cited by Kwakwa, 2018 ). Benin is subject to power cuts and recurrent energy crises, according to Atchike et al. (2020) .

is a coastal country located in the in Western Africa, which is a resource rich region. Energy in Benin has a diverse and takes several forms including: solar, wind, hydropower, biomass, fossil resources, and mineral resources. Out of this energy mix, about 60% of energy comes from . Benin is also dependent on energy imports from and . While power plants and other energy facilities were built in the 1950s and 1960s, the la. [pdf]
The evolution of the electrical mix of Benin indicates that, in 2020, natural gas was the first form of energy used to produce electrical energy, representing a proportion of 71.63%. Solar photovoltaic (PV) accounts for 0.30% of the mix by form of energy compared with 1.36% in 2016, as shown in Fig. 3.
However, no empirical studies were found in literature on studies of the Republic of Benin's energy situation, and so more research and studies focusing on Benin are needed. Table 1. Summary of literature on the subject. 3. Benin's energy situation 3.1. Energy consumption
Although hydroelectricity, biomass and especially PV technologies play an increasingly important role in the electrification of Benin, recent studies have shown that wind energy technologies can also contribute. Non-electrified rural and peri-urban localities have favourable wind potential in coastal Benin.
The government attempted to bridge the gap by implementing a rural electrification program that seeks to increase levels of electrification in rural areas to 36% by 2015. As of 2020, approximately 32% of Benin's population has access to electricity, leaving approximately 1.5 million citizens without access.
According to a study by Ref. , Benin has considerable hydroelectric potential for developing large, medium, small, and micro-hydroelectric plants in the Bétérou and Olougbé regions, for example, with estimated generation capacities at 70 GWh and 72 GWh, respectively.
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