
The electricity sector in Venezuela is heavily dependent on hydroelectricity, which accounted for 64% of the nation's electricity generation in 2021. Besides hydroelectric power, Venezuela also relies on and , contributing 25% and 11%, respectively, to the total electricity output that year. The country operates six hydroelectric plants, totaling a capacity of 16,010 megawatts (MW), with the Central Hidroeléctrica Guri in being the most significant, acco. . Le secteur de l'énergie au Venezuela est dominé par le qui fournit 68 % de la production d' et 33 % de la consommation d'énergie primaire du pays en 2021, et le : 21 % de la production et 42 % de la consommation ; l' couvre 24 % de la consommation. Le Venezuela dispose de vastes réserves de pétrole, les plus importantes au. [pdf]
In this paper, the collapse of Venezuela’s electricity system is analyzed. Two well-known recovery plans, the Venezuelan Electricity Sector Recovery Plan (VESRP) and the Country Plan Electricity (CPE), are described in detail, and their challenges are discussed in the context of the energy transition paradigm.
Since 2009, there have been no official statistics on the electricity and energy sectors. Since the end of the 19th century, the production of electricity has been steadily growing in Venezuela. In between, there were some jolts due to prolonged droughts associated with the El Niño phenomenon.
Electricity in Venezuela is predominantly produced from hydroelectricity . Venezuela ranked 11th in the world for oil production in 2016; production has since fallen steeply. The largest oil company is Petróleos de Venezuela (PDVSA). Oil fields in the country include Bolivar Coastal Field, Boscán Field, Maracaibo Basin and Orinoco Belt .
Since 2013, Venezuela has been confronting a profound political, social, and economic crisis with a strong negative impact on the country’s energy sector. The crisis has severely affected the production of oil, natural gas, fuels, and electricity (Monaldi et al., 2021).
As of April 2022, Venezuela's electrical grid was said to be operating at 20% of capacity, with actual generation running 6 GW to 10 GW short of the country's needs, and an estimated investment of US$12 to 15 billion required to restore the system to normal operating conditions.
Petróleos de Venezuela S.A. (PDVSA) purchased 82% of the shares of ELECAR. As a result of this and other counter-reforms, private participation in the generation subsector fell from 44% to 0%, and in distribution from 45% to 0% between 1970 and 2010 (Balza et al., 2020).

Jointly funded by the governments of Tokelau and New Zealand, the $NZ9 million ($USD5.7m) system will be installed by New Zealand company Vector PowerSmart.. Jointly funded by the governments of Tokelau and New Zealand, the $NZ9 million ($USD5.7m) system will be installed by New Zealand company Vector PowerSmart.. The New Zealand government provided NZ$7 million (US$5.8 million) to help finance the project though the full cost of the systems was NZ$8.5 million. [pdf]
Solar Array’s seen on the three tiny islands of Tokelau to completely produce solar power energy. The renewable energy system comprising of solar panels, storage batteries and generators running on biofuel derived from coconut will generate enough electricity to meet 150% of the islands’ power demand.
Tokelau's solar energy systemis set to be upgraded on each of its three atolls. Jointly funded by the governments of Tokelau and New Zealand, the $NZ9 million ($USD5.7m) system will be installed by New Zealand company Vector PowerSmart.
Each system alone is among the largest off-grid solar power systems in the world, and together they are capable of providing 150% of current electricity demand in Tokelau, a much higher amount than the 90% that was originally planned for.
Jointly funded by the governments of Tokelau and New Zealand, the $NZ9 million ($USD5.7m) system will be installed by New Zealand companyVector PowerSmart. Tokelau's existing solar system was eight years old and in need of upgrading because of increasing demand for electricity and wear and tear from the harsh marine environment, it said.
Vector PowerSmart chief operating officer Colin Daly said the project would mean the people of Tokelau would enjoy "clean, reliable and renewable energy" for years to come. Additional 210 kilowatt solar arrays would be installed on Atafu, Fakaofo and Nukunonu, along with two megawatt hour lithium ion battery storage systems.
Yet despite the challenges involved in installing comprehensive solar systems in such a remote location, switching to solar was absolutely crucial for the tiny collection of islands. "Tokelau’s atolls are low-lying and especially susceptible to the adverse effects of climate change," Mayhew stressed.

The Jambur Solar Power Station (JSPS), is an operational 23 MW (31,000 hp) in . The power station began commercial operations in March 2024. It is owned and was developed by the government of Gambia, with funding from the European Union, the European Investment Bank and the World Bank. The power generated here is integrated into the Gambian national electricity grid, through the National Water and Electricity Company network. [pdf]
Energy demand in The Gambia has increased by 5.5% per year in recent years and today’s connection of the new 23 MWp solar plant to the national energy grid will significantly increase Gambia’s current generation capacity of 98 MW and enable electrification of rural areas. A strong commitment
This marks the first time in the Gambia’s history where a utility scale solar plant of 23 Megawatts Solar PV capacity and 8-Megawatt hours battery storage is being commissioned. This solar plant allows NAWEC to finally shift away from expensive heavy fuel oil-based generation which is costly and harmful to the environment.
Further to this, as a clean energy source and a major vehicle for climate change mitigation, the solar plant will contribute to the realisation of The Gambia’s Nationally Determined Contributions”. Mr. Nani Juwara, Managing Director at National Water and Electricity Company (NAWEC) “The significance of this solar plant cannot be overemphasized.
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