
Electricity generation began in 1908 when a private company constructed the first power station at Burri al-Daralsa near . The modern system dates from 1925 with the establishment of the Sudan Light and Power Company, an enterprise financed and managed by British entrepreneurs but owned by the Condominium government. This company, acquired in full by the colonial government in 1952, was the precursor—through several name changes and reorganiz. [pdf]
Find relevant data on energy production, total primary energy supply, electricity consumption and CO2 emissions for Sudan on the IEA homepage. Find relevant information for Sudan on energy access (access to electricity, access to clean cooking, renewable energy and energy efficiency) on the Tracking SDG7 homepage.
Energy in Sudan describes energy and electricity production, consumption and imports in Sudan. The chief sources of energy in 2010 were wood and charcoal, hydroelectric power, and oil. Sudan is a net energy exporter. Primary energy use in Sudan was 179 TWh and 4 TWh per million persons in 2008.
As for Ethiopia, Sudan imports electricity at a price of 4.5 cents/kilowatt . In August 2021, the Minister of Energy and Petroleum declared that the Sudanese energy sector needed urgent maintenance and restructuring at a cost of $3 billion, another indicator of the dire financial needs of the sector .
Further, Sudan’s energy sector is currently subsidised by the government. Government subsidies to the sector totalled $667 million in 2019. This represents 13.5% of total government expenditures . Financial sustainability could be achieved by introducing gradual tariff adjustments.
There are three energy regulators for electricity, oil and mining, as follows: Electricity Regulatory Authority (ERA), Sudanese Petroleum Cooperation (SPC) and Public Geological Research Authority (PRA), respectively. The National Electricity Corporation (NEC) is the sole generator, transmitter and distributor of electric energy in Sudan.
Most of Sudan’s electricity generation comes from hydropower, and more than half of the Eastern African region’s total oil-based capacity is located in the country. Sudan is also contemplating scaling up projects on solar power in the coming years.

The RES Group (Renewable Energy Systems) is the world's largest independent company, having been in the sector for more than 40 years. As of 2023 , the company had established more than 23 gigawatts of renewable energy projects worldwide and supported more than 12 gigawatts operations. Employing more than 2500 people in 14 countries, it operates onshore and in wind and , in energy storage and in transmission and distrib. [pdf]

According to the World Bank, Yemen has the lowest level of electricity connection in the Middle East, with only 40% of the population having access to electricity. Rural areas are particularly badly affected. Industrial concerns, hospitals and hotels have their own back-up generators. To address these shortages, a 340-MW is currently under construction-and close to completion-at . Further expansion to the facility, which will add an additional 400. [pdf]
This paper presents a deep analysis for the energy system in Yemen, which consists of thermal power plants taking into account the strengths and weaknesses of its power system.
Yemen is dealing with the dilemma of energy networks that are unstable and indefensible. Due to the fighting, certain energy systems have been completely damaged, while others have been partially devastated, resulting in a drop in generation capacity and even fuel delivery challenges from power generation plants.
However, Yemen’s current energy mix is dominated by fossil fuels (about 99.91%), with renewable energy accounting for only about 0.009%. The national renewable energy and energy efficiency strategy, on the other hand, sets goals, including a 15% increase in renewable energy contribution to the power sector by 2025 (Fig. 11).
Within a few years, solar energy in Yemen has increased its capacity by 50 times and has recently become the primary source of electricity for most Yemenis. Furthermore, the paper discusses the difficulties and challenges that face the implementation of renewable energy investment projects.
The investigation results show that Yemen power system suffers lacking of energy efficiency (EE), weak institutional capacity, high losses in the generation, transmission and distribution grids, and currently the disability to invest in renewable energy (RE).
Yemen has a long coastline and high altitudes of 3677 m above sea level, making it an ideal location for wind energy generation, with an estimated 4.1 h of full-load wind per day. The wind energy can be converted into mechanical and electrical energy, and it could be a viable option for bolstering the electricity power sector.
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